Shade coffee farms promote genetic diversity of native trees

when caterpillars fed on fruit-bearing pepper plants. Here, although initially feeding on leaves, the beet armyworms soon moved into the maturing fruits (Figure 1C). Our results indicate that visiting honeybees provide plants with a totally unexpected advantage: bees flying around plants inhibit the feeding intensity of herbivorous caterpillars, resulting in a clear reduction of leaf damage. Thus, honeybees not only transport pollen from flower to flower but in addition also reduce plant destruction by herbivores. A similar strategy has been described for extrafloral nectaries that attract ants [11]. We speculate that, apart from consumptive and noncomsumptive predator effects, pollinator–herbivore interactions may also be important factors to consider in attempting to understand community dynamics.